心の痛みも身体の痛み?
(C) Reed Hutchinson/UCLA
共著者のNaomi Eisenberger講師
周囲の人から拒絶された時の,いわゆる心の「痛み」には,身体の痛みと共通するメカニズムがあるらしい。体内にはμオピオイドという鎮痛物質があるが,これと結合する受容体の遺伝子に特定の変異(遺伝子が部分的に異なること)があると,いずれの痛みにも敏感になることが分かった。また,痛みを感じる時に脳が活動する部分が両方の痛みで共通だった。進化の過程で,人間にとって重要な社会的つながりを保つために身体の痛みのメカニズムが利用され,周囲からの疎外を痛みとして感知するようになった可能性があるという。(吉田素子)
UCLA psychologists(1) have determined for the first time that a gene(2) linked with physical pain sensitivity(3) is associated with social(4) pain sensitivity as well.
Their study indicates that variation(5) in the mu-opioid(6) receptor(7) gene (OPRM1(8)), often associated with physical pain, is related to how much social pain a person feels in response to(9) social rejection(10). People with a rare form of the gene are more sensitive to rejection and experience(11) more brain evidence(12) of distress(13) in response to rejection than those with the more common form.
The research was published Aug. 14 in the early online edition(14) of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences(15) and will appear in the print version(16) in the coming weeks.
The findings give weight to(17) the common notion that rejection "hurts" by showing that a gene regulating(18) the body's most potent(19) painkillers(20) ― mu-opioids ― is involved in(21) socially painful experiences too, said study co-author(22) Naomi Eisenberger, UCLA assistant professor(23) of psychology(24) and director of UCLA's Social and Affective(25) Neuroscience(26) Laboratory(27).
In the study, researchers(28) collected saliva(29) samples(30) from 122 participants(31) to assess(32) which form of the OPRM1 gene they had and then measured sensitivity to rejection in two ways. First, participants completed a survey(33) that measured their self-reported(34) sensitivity to rejection. They were asked, for example, how much they agreed or disagreed with statements like "I am very sensitive to any signs that a person might not want to talk to me."
Next, a subset(35) of this group, 31 participants, was studied using functional magnetic resonance imaging(36) (fMRI) at UCLA's Ahmanson–Lovelace Brain Mapping(37) Center during a virtual(38) ball-tossing game(39) in which participants were ultimately(40) socially excluded(41).
(1) 心理学者 (2) 遺伝子 (3) 感受性 (4) 社会的な (5) 変異 (6) μオピオイド (7) 受容体
(8)(遺伝子の名称) (9) ~に反応して (10) 拒絶 (11) ~が認められる (12) 脳の痕跡 (13) 苦悩
(14) オンライン版 (15) 米国科学アカデミー紀要(雑誌名) (16) 印刷版 (17) ~の可能性を高くする
(18) ~を制御する (19) 強力な (20) 鎮痛物質 (21) ~に関与している (22) 共著者 (23) 講師
(24) 心理学 (25) 感情の(Social and Affective Neuroscience Laboratoryは研究室名) (26) 神経科学
(27) 研究室 (28) 研究者 (29) 唾液 (30) サンプル (31) 参加者 (32) 評価する (33) 調査票
(34) 自己報告の (35) サブセット(部分的な集団) (36) 機能的磁気共鳴画像法 (37) 脳マッピング
(38) 仮想の (39) ボールを投げるゲーム (40) 最終的に (41)(be~)社会的疎外を受ける

